Thursday, August 27, 2020

Responsibilities of Sports Engineers

Obligations of Sports Engineers Sports is something that pulls in each individual in this world towards itself. Sports has become a typical field that everyone has intrigued by. Individuals are increasing increasingly more enthusiasm for various games from everywhere throughout the world. What's more, that is the reason sports building is picking up importance and acknowledgment. It is an extraordinary field of designing, which includes everything from the improvement to the testing of the various athletic gear. The control incorporates various exercises and everything identified with sports and sports equipment.The sports engineers have a few duties that are talked about here finally. The absolute first duty of a games engineer is the planning of the athletic gear. With the advancement of various games and an expansion in their prevalence, individuals are anxious to utilize the best of the athletic gear. What's more, this is the place the games specialists can contribute by growing new hardware that would enable the competitors to perform better. Sports engineers are additionally answerable for doing a total lab and exploratory testing of the athletic gear, competitors and the cooperation between them.This is one of the most significant pieces of the activity of a games engineer since it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to utilize anything without testing the hardware and the idea of associations the clients would have with the gear. The games engineers do research facility testing as well as required to test the exhibition of the competitors and various gadgets in the field, I. e. the earth of the games. Field testing should be totally precise so that there is no extent of slip-ups and the competitors are set up to utilize their hardware in the genuine conditions and situations.Computational demonstrating has been utilized distinctly for logical purposes till now. Computational displaying approach is typically utilized in material science and othe r logical applications, regardless of whether it is liquid elements or some other investigation. Sports engineers are likewise utilizing this method and approach for deciding the powers following up on the working of the hardware and for animating its working before really creating them. Sports builds additionally need to ceaselessly work with the distinctive government bodies and the experts for ensuring that the standards are clung to and everything is completed inside the pre-characterized guidelines.Sports designs likewise need to work with the competitors to consistently keep a track and improve the exhibition of the various competitors in various fields. They have to discover new ways and measures for upgrading the presentation of the athletes. In this way, we see that sports engineers are critical individuals and they have to do the entirety of their obligations earnestly for the improvement of various games and for the advancement of the competitors. Reference connect: http: //classof1. com/schoolwork help/designing schoolwork help

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Summarize DREAM Act or Arizonas SB 1070 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sum up DREAM Act or Arizonas SB 1070 - Essay Example This specific conversation means to give a near point of view about the DREAM Act created by the legislature of the US. Besides, the paper will likewise sum up the Act and examine the equivalent in arrangement with various components or measurements. As a rule, the Dream Act gives lasting residency and different courtesies to the unlawful migrants of the US. These specific advantages are given to the individuals against specific grounds that must be obligatorily satisfied. Strikingly, there exists a tremendous figure of individuals who lives in the country for securing legitimate training for them or serving in the protection part. Be that as it may, in spite of their commitment, they generally hold the dread that they will be ousted whenever from the country. In such manner, the DREAM Act guarantee that these individuals gets reprieve for dwelling in the US, attributable to which they will be at risk to get instruction advances, education costs supported by the administration and decrease of school charges (Immigration Policy Center, â€Å"The Dream Act†). According to a specific case, a little fellow named Reyna Wences from Mexico, has been managing the issues of getting appropriate character for himself in the US, notwithstanding of spending quite a bit of his adolescence and adulthood days in the nation. Despite the fact that moving to the US was a choice of his folks, he never grumbled about the equivalent. In any case, he knew about the way that he will always be unable to get completely required inside the American culture inferable from his movement status. The DREAM Act proposed in the year 2009 surely gave a beam of plan to him to get way of life as a legitimate American resident (Wences 504-506). The DREAM Act has been proposed with the point of guaranteeing legitimate obligation to undocumented migrants. It goes about as a compensation of lawful rights to the undocumented migrants, as they are living in the country for a more extended period without getting a charge out of any of the fundamental civilities offered by the administration.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Blog Archive MBA News What Do Business Schools Make of Big Data

Blog Archive MBA News What Do Business Schools Make of Big Data Although so-called “big data” may mean big opportunities for tech-savvy graduates,  an article posted today by U.S. News World Report  claims that business schools have been divided on how best to interpret the buzz about the incredible volumes of digital information being generated by social media and information technology. A  2011 report by McKinsey Company  suggests not only  that demand is growing for executives who know how to manage big data, but also  that the skills needed to analyze large data sets will become a decisive competitive factor across the board. The varied disciplinary terminology leaves open a lot of questions for prospective MBAs who are wondering how big data may fit into their career options. The idea of working with big data has often been framed as a new addition to the managerial decision-making toolbox, relying on what U.S. News calls “the traditional vision of management as art, where executives follow instincts.” But some programsâ€"such as the new master’s of science in business administration degree from the University of Rochester’s Simon Graduate School of Business Administrationâ€"are taking a more rigorously modeled approach to offering students data expertise by emphasizing business analytics. Other schools to follow suit include New York Universitys Stern School of Business, Arizona State Universitys Carey School of Business and Michigan State Universitys Broad Graduate School of Management, all of which will offer master’s of science degrees in business analytics in 2013. A specialization in analytics already exists with the master’s of science degree at the McCombs School of Business at the University of Texas  at Austin, as well as the MBA program at  the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University, Bloomington. As recruiters seek analytically skilled managers, we may likely see similar additions to more and more top programs. Share ThisTweet News

Monday, May 25, 2020

Understanding Of Psychosocial Perspectives Within Health...

Discuss the importance of an understanding of psychosocial perspectives within health and social care In this assignment I aim to discuss the sociological and psychological theories applicable to mental health practice. The sociological theories I will discuss are poverty and social stratification and the psychological theories will be attachment and social learning. I will base this on the John case study and will also look at the social, cultural, environmental and psychological factors that may have had an impact on his behaviour. I will then look at a range of social structures in society and talk about the importance of social science approaches relevant to the case study. Firstly I would like to give a brief overview of the case study; John is a twenty-seven year old man who has recently been diagnosed with depression. John was raised in a poor inner-city area and left school with no qualifications, the school was rated as inadequate by ofsted and qualification rates fell below the national benchmark. John was solely raised by his mother as his father left when he was six; he had no further contact with his father. John became involved in antisocial behaviour and crime at the age of fourteen and received an eight month custodial sentence for burglary and selling cannabis. John attended an apprentice but struggled to hold down long term regular employment. His mother moved away and it is difficult for him to see her, john continues to use drugs and alcohol and wasShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Women Living With Hiv Aids1576 Words   |  7 Pageswith HIV/AIDS Ruth Dionne Davis SCWK 620 Winthrop University Department of Social Work Abstract HIV/AIDS is a major concern in the African American community. African American women have the highest incidence rate of HIV infection with a steady increase over the years. Extreme poverty, unemployment, underemployment and mental health issues are contributing factors to the rise of the disease in the African American community. Those living with HIV/AIDSRead MoreTeen Pregnancy: A Problem for Society1195 Words   |  5 PagesThe problem with teenage pregnancy is it requires intervention from society. This debate is from the perspective of teens, and absent from the medical, ethical, and political views on teen pregnancy. According to Jewell, Tacchi, Donovan, (2000), teen pregnancy is not a problem for teens themselves but more of a problem for society. The large numbers of unintended pregnancies are among unmarried teens. A number of teens do not want to become pregnant, although some are not opposed and other hasRead MoreEssay about The Psychiatric Perspective of Irritable Bowel Syndrome1623 Words   |  7 Pagescommon disorder that can have a profound negative impact on a patient’s quality of life and constitutes a considerable social and economic burden on society. Extensive research over the last few decades has led to a better understanding of this complex syndrome and improvements in treatment. After a brief review of the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of IBS, the current understanding of the complex physiological mechanisms contributing to the syndrome will be addressed. The remainder of this paperRead MorePediatric Nursing And Palliative Care1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe words pediatric and palliative care when put together are rather difficult to stomach. The image of a sprouting new life when juxtaposed with concerns for end-of-life care is almost ironically antithetical. I t is easy to see why pediatric palliative care is an emerging subspecialty with much left to fully develop. Although highly uncomfortable for most to talk about, pediatric palliative care is a real and intricate necessity for many families with children facing a life-threatening illnessRead MoreMitochondria Are The Powerhouses Of Every Cell1643 Words   |  7 Pagessystem(s) affected (United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation). Symptoms can be present from every organ system, however, depending upon the actual genetic encoding affecting the mitochondrial can determine which disease classification a patient may fall within (DiMauro, 2011), (United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation). Once thought to be a rare genetic disorder, Allen and Dassler cite a prevalence of nearly one in 5,000 births in the United States (Dassler Allen, 2014). DiMauro cites an even larger prevalenceRead MoreSocial Workers: Influence of the Ecological Approach on Social Practice1302 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Social workers have a professional and ethical responsibility to (...) interact and intervene with clients and their environments (Teater, 2010, p.4). According to this premise, the ecological approach in social work interventions offers an effective method of relating children, young people and their families to their environment. It is an approach that allows social workers to intervene in cases where a child is abused or neglected, while providing a good theoretical framework forRead MoreThe, Or Gender Dysphoria893 Words   |  4 Pagesin the current edition of DSM as well as International Classification of Diseases 10 (ICD-10). According to DSM-V, gender dysphoria is distress associated with an incongruence of assigned sex and expression of gender, which causes interference with social functionality. Currently, gender identity disorder is defined in ICD 10 (diagnosis code F64.1) as at least two years of a strong cross-sex identification usually accompanied by strong desire to me dically transition one’s body to the expressed genderRead MoreMental Illness : The Vulnerable Population Essay1210 Words   |  5 Pages A social need that is experienced by the vulnerable population is mentally illness. Mental illness clients in my opinion are the most neglected, as well as, the most vulnerable population and today time. The scope of the issues is that mental illness disorders as schizophrenia, bipolar and major depressive disorder, are disorders persistent that affect the brain. However, these disorders can cause a person to experience a sudden mood change. Also, people with these disorders may experience difficultiesRead MoreEssay on The Impact of Living with Cystic Fibrosis1212 Words   |  5 Pages Medical impact CF is a chronic condition therefore the patients are either seeking medical attention or receiving (sometime involuntarily) a great deal of medical scrutiny and intervention during their lifetime. Standard principles of care is the optimal service provided from the centre to improve prognosis for patients with CF. It uses multi-disciplinary approach with frequent clinical visits, physiotherapy to improve lung function and nutritional therapy that prevents malnutrition of pancreaticRead MoreMedical Center, Department Of Behavioral Health And Psychiatry Essay2226 Words   |  9 Pages Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Department of Behavioral Health Psychiatry (TRMCDBH) is located at 654 East Jersey Street in Elizabeth, New Jersey. TRMCDBH’s primary purpose is to provide a safe environment for the provision of behavioral health and psychiatry services along with a full continuum of care, with specialized services available for adults, children, adolescents and their families, as well as services for those with various addictions, HIV patients and mentally ill/developmentally

Thursday, May 14, 2020

A Critical Note on New Historicism Essay - 2751 Words

Introduction: The records of literary criticism and theory are almost as old as literature itself. As known, literary criticism is a sort of mental exercise of evaluating, classifying, analyzing, interpreting, judging, and valuing the literary art. This indicates that criticism also includes creative skill to comprehend the literary artist’s work first, and then put forward one’s valid view. In this sense, it is really ‘meta-literature’. The world’s successful critics and theorists are only the renowned literary figures. As Ben Jonson says that â€Å" To judge of poet is only the faculty of poets†. This means that only a writer can understand the mysteries and mental regions of his/her fellow writers and can respond them aptly and effectively.†¦show more content†¦Horace, Quintillian and Longinus are the authentic and penetrating critics of this period. Horace’s Ars Poetica and Longinus’s On Sublime like Aristotleâ€℠¢s Poetics have proved as torch bearers, and their merits and utility have been acknowledged by all the major literary figures. Renaissance Criticism: With the advent of Renaissance, the critical curiosity accelerates and the enquiry of the antique Greek and Roman founders of creative and critical business also enlarge the horizons of learning. The term Renaissance is described as the birth of the modern world out of the ashes of the Dark Ages; as the discovery of the world and the discovery of man; and the era of the emergence of untrammeled individualism in life, thought, religion and art. In Renaissance England, critical thought evolves swiftly through four successive stages. The preliminary phase is the critique of style and language of classical rhetoricians; the second is the effort to introduce the ancient practitioners’ meters in the English poetry; the third step is an attempt to defend the imaginative literature in the face of moralist puritans; and in the final stage, the critics try to expound their own rules and norms. Among these critics, the prominent ones are Sir Philip Sidney whose Apo logy for Poetry is indispensable in the history of criticism. Ben Jonson is anotherShow MoreRelatedHamlet and New Historicism795 Words   |  4 PagesNew Historicism is a modern literary theory that focuses on how events, culture, and places within a society influence a written work. New Historicists analyze allusions to characteristics of the time period in which the work was written. By definition, new historicism seeks to discover the significance in a text by taking into account the work within the construction of the established ideas and assumptions of its historical era. Literary texts are entrenched with historical context and the authorRead More Morgan, Morgan by Janette Turner Hospital1657 Words   |  7 PagesMorgan† by Janette Turner Hospital in a poststructuralist way using both New Historicism and Deconstruction. First, we will explore the tenants of New Historicism and apply it to the story, and then we will explore the tenants of Deconstruction and apply it to the story. The ideals of New Historicism were first outlined by Michel Foucault and later developed by Stephen Greenblatt. Foucault did not develop New Historicism; however, his philosophy and ideas formed the basis of the practice. As WarrenRead MoreLiterary Criticisms of Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pages This essay will discuss several literary criticisms of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. After skimming through several articles, I ended up with four peer-reviewed journal articles, each a different critical perspectives of the play: feminist, psychoanalytical/freudian, moral, and new historicism. My previous studies of Hamlet, as well as my rereading of the play this semester, has collectively given me a general knowledge of the text. My familiarity of the play made it easier for me to decipherRead MoreLiterary Criticism Of William Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice 850 Words   |  4 Pages Biographical criticism New critics warns that the writer’s intent and the readers present mindsets doesn’t affect the meaning of the play, as it offers an experience like no other because it doesn’t offer a mimic of real life situation (Janik 165). By disallowing external influences, text must analyze all other disciplines associated with the play in question. Some have also criticized Shakespeare as being a master of only one single genre of drama as in relation to other plays. Feminist criticismRead MoreObanua Ogugua Critical Analysis1850 Words   |  8 Pagesauthor has managed to kill two birds with one stone. Moving on, having established the foregoing, strife becomes the chemical reaction when the two wives of two sensibilities are put together under one roof. Another interesting thing to note and which validates the new wife’s, Ogugua’s, modern status and mindset are her set of twin girls which she had for another man but whom Obanua accepts as his own; a terrible mistake, surely. These twin girls are actually mulatto, for Ogugua had borne the girlsRead More Feminine Representation in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay2628 Words   |  11 PagesFeminine Representation in Shakespeares Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: This essay employs Feminist Criticism, New Historicism, and Marxist Criticism, to analyze the portrayal of Queen Gertrude and Ophelia.    Because Shakespeares Hamlet centers on the internal struggle of the Prince of Denmark, the reader focuses primarily on his words and actions.   An often overlooked or under appreciated aspect of the play is the portrayal of the female characters, particularly Queen Gertrude and OpheliaRead MoreSeminar: Literary Theory Applied to H.P. Lovecraft-Notably â€Å"the Beast in the Cave†6821 Words   |  28 Pagescentury.† In the following paper, I will explore his earliest work, â€Å"The Beast in the Cave,† a story written when he was around fifteen years old. I will explore its meanings and context through the lenses of reader response, deconstructionism, new historicism, and psychoanalytic analysis. Through these lenses of literary theory I hope to derive further meaning and understanding of this favored story as well as dismiss some criticism that has been leveled against H.P. Lovecraft. Each theoretical viewRead MoreContemporary Art And Artistic Practices146 5 Words   |  6 Pagescritics who focus their attention on the aspect of social usefulness of the art practices, characterized by an increase of art projects that emphasize participation, dialogue and community engagement to activate the public sphere attempting to offer new social models to live together; appear like a leitmotif along the theory and history of art of the 20th century. One of the focal points in the development of artistic practices during the 20th century has been directly related to the idea of autonomyRead MoreThe Queer Reading Of Nick Gatsby1537 Words   |  7 PagesAs insane as this sounds, I ve done the research. It s plausible. The idea isn t original; it was first proposed by Carlyle Thompson, a professor of African American and American literature at Medgar Evers College of the City University of New York. There s actually quite a bit of evidence to support it, just as there is to support the queer reading of Nick. Gatsby is described by Nick, his tanned skin and short hair look as though it were trimmed every day (Fitzgerald 50). The short hairRead MoreThe Importance Of The Discipline Of History1842 Words   |  8 Pagesmethodology for a historical understanding of the world, through his conceptualisation of combining contemporary sources and the critical analysis and comparison of these sources, along with the need for objectivity, not only changed the academic discipline of History but also shows why Leopold von Ranke is regarded as one of the greatest historians. Historiography is by no means a new development in the study of history. The various ages throughout history, and the historians who wrote about these ages

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Importance of Understanding Organizational Behavior

WORKPLACE REWARDS ASSESSMENT This topic is significant since individuals with assorted backgrounds and cultural standards have to work together efficiently and proficiently. OB looks out to highlight the understanding of behavior in organizations so as to expand competencies in predicating how individuals are expected to perform (Edwards, et al, 2009). This knowledge might then assist in affecting those activities that are not appropriate for the aim and goals of the organizations. Factors like independence, explicability and sustainability are significant while choosing the techniques for this purpose. Surveys, interview, recreation and survey are normally used to draw out responses of employees located in diverse kinds of organizations. To a considerable degree their personalities have an effect on the nature of their responses. The term work behavior is related to the study and understanding of the dynamics involved at a personal as well as a group level in work settings. The term also deals with the nature of the work as well. There are several factors that come into play when people interact in works (Halbert Ingulli, 2005). Understanding work behavior is becoming increasingly important since the work is becoming a global village and people with diverse background and culture have to interact and work effectively in at work. Since a person has to deal with different people in at work, it is imperative that they have a vast knowledge on personality in order toShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of and My Understanding of Organizational Behavior2706 Words   |  11 PagesOrganizational Behavior 1 The Importance of and My Understanding of Organizational Behavior That Helped me Have a Successful Career DM686 Organizational Behavior DR. Lyle J. Hogue October 26, 2007 Organizational Behavior 2 Introduction The importance of Organizational Behavior and personal success as a manager or leader entail a great amount of effort, knowledge, skills, training and commitment by the individual leader or manager. I am in the beginning of starting a career outside ofRead MoreUnderstanding Human Behavior1257 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Understanding Human Behavior: As a critical aspect for many organizations, the study of human behavior and the interactions between people and the organization is usually described as organizational behavior since its mainly geared towards understanding and forecasting human behavior. For organizational leaders, understanding human behavior is a critical skill that has direct impacts on the success of the organization. Therefore, the ability of an organizational leader to be successful is closelyRead MoreOrganizational Behavior : An Organization1054 Words   |  5 Pagestask of organizational structure is to encourage people to work hard and coordinate their effort to ensure a high level of organizational performance. To this effect the four key concepts that assistance in achieving the needed performance include understanding the meaning of organizational behavior; individual differences; values, attitudes, and moods and emotions; perception and attribution, and the management of diversity. Organizational Behavior (OB) Defining organizational behavior to be aRead MoreLeadership Influences Organizational Culture And Employee Commitment1502 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"There is a need for greater attention to be paid to understanding the mechanisms and processes through which leadership influences organizational culture and employee commitment, in order to develop a more complete understanding of the inner workings of leadership† (Bass, as cited by Aolio et al 2004 p.952) . Ellemers, Gilder, and Haslam (2004) agree that â€Å"additional understanding of work motivation can be gained by incorporating insights into social identity processes† (p. 459). Since motivationalRead MoreProcedural Justice And Job Satisfaction Of Nursing Employees1523 Words   |  7 Pages outcome. According to the write-up, â€Å"procedural justice and job satisfaction of nursing employees are positively and significantly related to their innovative behavior† (Xerri, 2014, p.4), and â€Å"interactional justice directly affects job satisfaction and indirectly affects innovative behavior through job satisfaction† (Xerri, 2014, p.4). In other words, an organization that engages in practical apprehensions reaps perfected job satisfaction, which in turn has a bearing on workplace attitudes. ToRead MoreA Large Midwestern Milk Products Manufacturer1554 Words   |  7 Pagesto successfully running an organization or department. Another key issue of this case is the lack of understanding of organizational behavior. Given what I have learned so far about organizational behavior and the importance of both managers and employees having an understanding of the impact, I think that both Mr. Gilman and Rochelle do not have a clear understanding of organizational beh avior. Even after two years of working with the company, Rochelle does not feel comfortable openly discussingRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper850 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper The following essay will be described the organizational behavior terminology and concepts applied in the organization. The following topics will be presented: Organization culture as internal and external environment of control. Diversity as of individual differences based on gender, race and ethnicity, age, disabilities, and sexual orientation. As the last subject communication as the human skill that helps the organization to work well withRead MoreEffectiveness and Efficiency in Benchmarking1266 Words   |  6 PagesASSIGNMENT: ONE 1. Discuss the importance of understanding the impact of human behaviour in the development and day to day running of organizations Human behaviour Define human behaviour Give According to McInerney (2008), Human behaviour refers to the range of behaviours exhibited by humans and which are influenced by culture, attitudes, emotions, values, ethics, authority, rapport, hypnosis, persuasion, coercion and genetics. Human behaviour is experienced throughout an individual’sRead MoreOrganizational Behavior and Its Key Concepts1130 Words   |  5 PagesOrganization Behavior and its Key Concepts To understand organizational behavior you must understand its key concepts and terminology. Organizational behavior â€Å"is a multidisciplinary field devoted to understanding individual and group behavior, interpersonal processes and organizational dynamics.† (Schermerhorn, 2005 p. 3). An organization’s behavior is significant in determining its success as a business and with its employees. Working conditions, production and employee performanceRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And The Social Sciences1671 Words   |  7 PagesAfter 7 weeks of Organizational Behavior class, I have learned many factors that influence an individual to make a workplace more exciting and effective. This class is more than a subject for me as it helped me to experience the different views of my peers. There is no doubt that, this subject is an eye opener for me that gives value to my work ethics and understandings. Before beginning to learn the subject, there were so many unknown factors th at required clarifications in my work life. An in-depth

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

1St Amendment Essay Example For Students

1St Amendment Essay HE FIRST AMENDMENT Congress shall make no laws respecting an establishment of religion orprohibiting the free exercise thereof; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition thegovernment for a redress of grievances. What exactly are the limits to free speech, anyway? This amendmentforbids the government from making any law that prohibits it. The debate against this will rage on forever, evenjudges cant agree. One of the big things that cause argument is people suing publishers and editors for all kindsof things. We need to remind these folks that the First Amendment is a man-made law, not something that isGod-made and perfect in all situations, it does have its limits. Our founding fathers wouldnt mind if we drew theline at a book that gives instructions on how to commit murder. There have been many songs that talk aboutviolence against the police. A man from Texas claimed that the lyrics from Tupac Shakurs 2Pacalypse Nowinspired him to murder a deputy sheriff. B ut Tupacs song wasnt a how-to on killing police, with explicitinstructions. There is a thick line that falls between a work of art that depicts or describes an act of violence anda book that gives advice on murder. Anyone with even a shred of common sense knows that you cant say orwrite anything about any subject at any time you please. Thats why newspapers and magazines across thecountry go through a self-censorship process thats stricter than any amendment would impose. Unlike somepeople, most editors and publishers know that the First Amendments forbidding government from making a newlaw impinging on freedom of speech doesnt mean that private individuals cant sue you. One judge might throwtheir cases out, another might rule for the bailiffs. Printing something thats simply offensive may be protectedunder our Bill of Rights. But that has never stopped individuals from suing them. I saw keep on, if the congressfeels that strongly about our rights, so be it. But we need more people to stop them from getting out of hand. American History